fern · design plant record

Dryopteris filix-mas

Male fern

Arching green fronds give a substantial woodland layer.

Illustrations show a representative form; the detail view is a crop of the same artwork. Use the named factual source and exact cultivar for identification and purchase checks.

Height at maturity

0.61–0.91 m (2–3 ft)

Spread at maturity

0.61–0.91 m (2–3 ft)

Light

Part shade / Shade

Moisture

Moist, draining soil

Source-reported USDA zones

4–9 · verify subzone and cultivar

Principal seasonal role

Spring, Summer, Autumn

Fit it to the site

Humus-rich, draining soil with sheltered roots.

Fern identity and local native status need checking before purchase.

Keep the care in the decision

Protect the crown from disturbance and remove damaged fronds.

Origin & safety checks

Temp. Northern Hemisphere. Confirm local native range and restrictions.

Not a toxicity assessment. Verify the exact plant and any edible part with an appropriate local authority; keep uncertain plants away from ingestion.

Check current invasive restrictions with your local plant-health or extension authority. For pets, use the exact botanical name in a veterinary toxicity reference; for potential ingestion or exposure, get appropriate professional advice rather than relying on a design guide.